The First Military Encryption
Julius Caesar didn't trust his messengers. When sending orders to his generals, he shifted every letter by 3. * A -> D * B -> E * C -> F If the messenger was captured, the enemy would just see gibberish like "VHGXFH DJDLQVW".
Why It's Weak
Caesar Cipher is a "Monoalphabetic Substitution." That means 'E' always becomes 'H'. Because 'E' is the most common letter in English, a codebreaker can simply count the letter frequencies (Frequency Analysis) to crack the code in minutes.
Steps to Crack It
- Find the most common letter in the secret message.
- Assume it is 'E'.
- Shift it back to 'E' and see if the rest of the message makes sense.